International adoption is when a child is adopted by individuals or families who live in a different country from the child’s country of birth. Many children adopted internationally come from countries with limited resources, high poverty rates, or histories of conflict. They are often adopted into countries with higher standards of living.

In the past, countries like Guatemala, Cambodia, and Ethiopia have suspended or been suspended from international adoption due to serious concerns about forged documents, child trafficking, or a lack of oversight in the adoption process.

Norms that impose narrative coherence on life are widespread cultural ideas that portray life as intrinsically ordered or authored. Common phrases that echo these norms include 'everything happens for a reason', 'what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger', or 'the night is darkest before the dawn'. These norms suggest that events in life are part of a coherent story with direction, resolution, or moral significance, rather than being random, fragmented, or senseless.

In many major cities, housing costs have risen rapidly due to population growth, urbanisation, and limited new development. Economists broadly agree that two leading strategies can reduce housing costs:

Supply-side solutions aim to increase the total number of housing units, primarily through zoning reform, easing building restrictions, and incentivising private development.

Demand-side and redistributive solutions aim to help individuals afford housing through government interventions such as rent control, public/social housing, rental subsidies, or taxes on vacant homes.

While both approaches can coexist, governments often have limited resources and must prioritise one approach in both funding and political capital.

Third-party suppliers and supporters of military operations may include a wide range of actors. These can include arms manufacturers and exporters who provide weapons and ammunition; companies that supply military technologies such as surveillance tools, targeting software, or satellite imagery; logistics firms that transport troops, weapons, or supplies; private security contractors offering intelligence or strategic support; and financial institutions that fund or insure military activities. Support may also come from foreign governments or non-state actors who offer training, funding, or other forms of assistance.

In many cases, these actors are not directly involved in combat but contribute materially or operationally to the functioning of a military campaign. While international criminal law sometimes attributes liability to such actors under doctrines like aiding and abetting, this typically requires a high threshold of intent or knowledge regarding specific crimes.